In-Term Examination

A copy of Callen's Rules will be available to each student during the examination.
The examination will be of one hour duration.

Topics:

1. The nature of thermal equilibrium;

2. Intensive and extensive quantities;

3. pVT equations of state - the classical ideal gas, the van der Waals fluid, the Redlich-Kwong equation of state, the virial expansion;

4. Properties of the second virial coefficient;

5. The standard thermodynamic derivatives: , , c_p, c_V; relationship between the isothermal compressibility and the bulk modulus;

6. Different kinds of processes: isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, isochoric, isenthalpic, isentropic;

7. Quasistatic processes; reversible processes; irreversible processes;

8. Isothermal and adiabatic compression and expansion of a classical ideal gas;

9. Exact and inexact differentials; integrating factors;

10. Definition of state functions using integrals of exact differentials;

11. The zeroth law of thermodynamics and the existence of empirical temperature;

12. The ideal gas temperature scale;

13. The first law of thermodynamics;

14. The second law of thermodynamics in Kelvin's formulation;

15. Carnot cycles;

16. The thermodynamic temperature scale;

17. Definition of state functions using integrals of exact differentials: definition of the entropy;

18. Definition of the Gibbs free energy and the Helmholtz free energy;

19. Maxwell's relations;

20. Relationship between c_p and c_V in the general case and for a classical ideal gas;

21. Expression of thermodynamic derivatives in terms of the standard derivatives

22. heat engines, refrigerators, and heat pumps - nature and limits on their efficiency of operation;

23. The Joule experiment and the Joule coefficient; the Joule-Thomson (throttling) experiment and the Joule-Thomson coefficient; isenthalpic processes; inversion and the inversion curve;